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Niels Bohr

Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another. Although the Bohr model has been supplanted by other models, its underlying principles remain valid. He conceived the principle of complementarity: that items could be separately analysed in terms of contradictory properties, like behaving as a wave or a stream of particles. The notion of complementarity dominated Bohr's thinking in both science and philosophy.

Bohr`s Postulates

Postulates of Bohr's atomic model :

  • 1. According to Bohr's theory , electrons revolve in definite circular orbits around the nucleus and these orbits are designated by the letters K, L, M, N or by the numbers 1, 2 ,3, 4 and so on.
  • 2. As long as the electrons revolve in a particular orbit they can neither gain energy nor loose energy. Such orbits are called as stationary orbits or stationary states.
  • 3. When an electron jumps from an higher orbit to a lower orbit it releases energy in the form of raldiations and when an electron jumps from lower orbit to a higher orbit it absorbs energy in the form of raldiations.
  • 4. The angular momentum of aln electron is an integral multiple of h/ 2π mvr = nh/ 2π
  • 5. It explains the stability of an atom and also the line spectrum of hydrogen atom.